Haemorrhoids Explained: What You Need to Know for Better Health Management

Haemorrhoids, commonly known as piles, are a condition that millions of people worldwide experience but often hesitate to discuss openly. This reluctance can lead to misinformation, delayed treatment, and unnecessary discomfort. In this blog post, we aim to demystify haemorrhoids by providing comprehensive insights into their causes, symptoms, and the most effective treatments available.

What are haemorrhoids?

Haemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lower part of the anus and rectum. When the walls of these blood vessels stretch, they become irritated. Depending on their location, haemorrhoids can be internal (inside the rectum) or external (under the skin around the anus). Both types of haemorrhoids can cause discomfort and health complications if not treated properly.

Types of Haemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swollen blood vessels in the rectal area, classified into two main types:

1. Internal Hemorrhoids: Located inside the rectum, invisible from the outside. They are further graded by severity from I to IV, with symptoms ranging from painless bleeding to protruding masses that require manual reinsertion.
2. External Hemorrhoids: Found under the skin around the anus. They can cause discomfort, itching, or pain. If a blood clot forms, haemorrhoid becomes thrombosed haemorrhoid, which is extremely painful and may need medical attention.

Both types can be influenced by factors like straining during bowel movements, chronic constipation, and prolonged sitting. Effective prevention includes a high-fiber diet, adequate hydration, and regular exercise to alleviate symptoms and reduce the risk of development.

Causes of Haemorrhoids

The exact cause of haemorrhoids isn’t always clear, but several factors contribute to their development:

1. Increased Pressure: Chronic constipation, straining during bowel movements, and sitting for long periods are common causes of increased pressure in the rectal area.
2. Pregnancy: The weight of the baby and hormonal changes during pregnancy can cause haemorrhoids.
3. Ageing: The tissues that support the veins in your rectum and anus can weaken and stretch as you age.
4. Heavy Lifting: Regularly lifting heavy objects can contribute to haemorrhoids.
5. Genetics: There is some evidence that haemorrhoids may run in families.

Symptoms of Haemorrhoids

The symptoms of haemorrhoids vary depending on the type and severity:

• Bleeding: Noticeable spots of bright red blood on toilet tissue or in the toilet is a common symptom.
• Swelling: External haemorrhoids can cause swelling and noticeable bulges in the anal region.
• Pain and Discomfort: While internal haemorrhoids are usually painless, external haemorrhoids can be quite painful, especially when sitting.
• Itching or Irritation: The area around the anus may become itchy or irritated.
• Lumps: A hard, possibly painful lump may be felt around the anus. It may contain coagulated blood.

Diagnosis of Haemorrhoids

Diagnosing haemorrhoids typically involves a physical examination. A doctor may also perform a digital rectal exam using a gloved, lubricated finger to feel for any unusual growths. For internal haemorrhoids, an anoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy may be recommended to examine the lower part of the colon and rectum.

Hemorrhoids Treatment Options

Treatment for hemorrhoids varies depending on the type and severity but generally includes:

• Home Remedies: For mild discomfort, home treatments such as warm sitz baths, over-the-counter creams, ointments, and suppositories may provide relief.
• Lifestyle Changes: Increasing fibre intake, staying hydrated, and avoiding straining during bowel movements can manage and prevent haemorrhoids.
• Medications: If over-the-counter treatments are ineffective, a doctor may prescribe stronger creams or medications.
• Minimally Invasive Procedures: For persistent bleeding or painful haemorrhoids, procedures like rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy, or infrared coagulation can be effective.
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgical options such as hemorrhoidectomy (removal of haemorrhoid) or haemorrhoid stapling may be necessary.

Prevention of Hemorrhoids

Preventing haemorrhoids is often possible with some simple lifestyle adjustments:

1. Diet: Eat a high-fibre diet, including fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, to soften the stool and increase its bulk, which helps avoid straining that can cause haemorrhoids.
2. Hydration: Drink plenty of fluids to maintain hydration and facilitate easier bowel movements.
3. Exercise: Regular physical activity can help prevent constipation and reduce pressure on veins.
4. Bathroom Habits: Go as soon as you feel the urge to avoid straining and spend minimal time on the toilet.

Conclusion:

While haemorrhoids can be a painful and bothersome condition, most cases can be managed effectively with proper treatment and lifestyle changes. If you experience any of the symptoms mentioned, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider to get an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

At Omega Hospitals, our team of specialists is committed to providing comprehensive care for patients suffering from haemorrhoids, from diagnosis through recovery. Remember, you don’t have to suffer in silence; help is available.