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Early Pregnancy Symptoms: Signs to Watch For

Early pregnancy symptoms happen because of several changes that occur in the body to accommodate the growth of a fetus and the subsequent birthing process. These symptoms often act as the initial indications of pregnancy long before a pregnancy test confirms it. Even though the severity of these symptoms differs from woman to woman, knowing them can help in preparing for the journey ahead.

Pregnancy Symptoms

Below are the probable signs of pregnancy:

1. Missed Period

One of the first and most reliable signs of pregnancy is a missed menstrual cycle; it is a welcome sign of pregnancy. If you have a regular cycle and your period is late, taking a home pregnancy test can help confirm whether you are pregnant. However, factors such as stress, illness, or hormonal imbalances can also cause a delayed period. Periods and pregnancy are very much connected because a woman can’t have a period while she is pregnant because ovulation stops and the lining of the uterus doesn’t shed.

Missed Period

2. Implantation Bleeding and Spotting

Within this period, some women can observe light spotting—referred to as implantation bleeding/implantation symptoms—when the fertilized egg attaches itself to the lining of the uterus. Implantation bleeding is much lighter and shorter in duration than a regular period. It usually varies from pink to brown in colour.

Spotting in Pregnancy

Light spotting during pregnancy is common, especially in the first trimester, due to implantation, hormonal changes, or cervical sensitivity. However, heavy bleeding, severe cramps, or dizziness may indicate a concern—consult a doctor if symptoms persist.

Implantation Bleeding and Spotting

3. Nausea and Morning Sickness

Nausea, often referred to as morning sickness in pregnancy, can begin as early as two weeks after conception. It is caused by rising levels of pregnancy hormones, particularly human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in pregnant women. While commonly associated with mornings, nausea can strike at any time of the day or night. Some women experience pregnancy sickness like mild uneasiness, while others may suffer from severe vomiting (hyperemesis gravidarum), requiring medical attention.

Morning sickness in pregnancy

4. Breast Tenderness and Changes

Breast changes during pregnancy are common; hormonal changes in early pregnancy can make your breasts feel swollen, tender, or sore. You may also notice that your nipples are darker and more pronounced. The area around the nipples, known as the areola, may become larger as your body prepares for breastfeeding. 

Breast changes during pregnancy

5. Fatigue and Increased Tiredness

Extreme tiredness or fatigue in pregnant women is a common phenomenon and occurs in the early stages of pregnancy. The spike of progesterone in the body makes the body feel tired even when well-rested. Apart from this, your body has to work overtime to sustain the embryo, resulting in energy depletion.

Fatigue in a pregnant woman

6. Frequent Urination

Frequent urination during pregnancy is common as the baby takes up space and puts pressure on the bladder. Frequent urination in pregnancy is more common during the first and third trimesters than in the second trimester when the uterus pushes higher, releasing pressure from the bladder. This symptom of pregnancy finally fades away after delivery. The doctor may advise Kegel exercises to work out your pelvic floor muscles to prevent pregnancy incontinence.

Frequent urination during pregnancy

7. Food Aversions and Cravings

Food aversions and cravings during pregnancy are common. Hormonal changes in pregnancy inevitably will increase sensitivity to smells and tastes, which may result in an almost life-threatening hatred of certain foods. These physiological changes during pregnancy are usually associated with sweetness, saltiness, or sourness cravings. The hormone hCG doubles daily in the first few months, peaking around week 11, and is linked to morning sickness and food aversions.
If aversions lead to nutritional concerns, consult a doctor for guidance.

Food Aversions and Cravings during early pregnancy

8. Mood Swings and Emotional Changes

Mood changes during pregnancy might be brought on by physical stress, exhaustion, metabolic changes, or the hormones progesterone and estrogen. Significant fluctuations in hormone levels can also impact neurotransmitter levels, which are brain chemicals that control mood. As your body gets ready for delivery, mood swings are most commonly seen in the first trimester, between weeks 6 and 10, and again in the third trimester.

Mood Swings and Emotional Changes during early pregnancy

9. Dizziness and Lightheadedness

Pregnancy can cause a drop in blood pressure, leading to dizziness or lightheadedness. Increased blood flow, alongside a rise in hormones, may cause a pregnant lady to feel lightheaded due to low blood pressure. Standing up quickly or refraining from eating for prolonged periods may worsen these pregnancy symptoms.

Dizziness and Lightheadedness during pregnancy

10. Bloating and Constipation

Constipation in pregnancy is common due to hormonal changes, increased iron intake, and pressure from the growing uterus. It can cause bloating, discomfort, and difficulty passing stools. To reduce pregnancy constipation, increase fibre intake through fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, stay hydrated, be physically active, and avoid processed foods. If the issue continues, consult your doctor for safe constipation treatment options.

Bloating and Constipation in pregnancy

11. Metallic Taste in the Mouth (Dysgeusia)

Dysgeusia, or metallic taste in the mouth during pregnancy, is a condition that changes your sense of taste, making food taste metallic, rancid, or bitter, and may also cause a burning sensation in the mouth. It is commonly caused by fluctuating estrogen levels during pregnancy, which can alter taste perception and cravings week to week. Additionally, heightened smell during pregnancy can intensify unpleasant odours, leading to an increased metallic taste.

Metallic Taste in the Mouth

12. Stomach Pain

Stomach pain in pregnancy is common and often caused by normal body changes, such as implantation, ligament stretching, gas, or pregnancy constipation. If the stomach pain is severe, constant, or accompanied by bleeding, dizziness, or sharp pain on one side, it could indicate a more serious condition like an ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage. It’s important to listen to your body and consult a doctor if you have any concerns.

Stomach pain in pregnancy

14. Backaches

Back pain during early pregnancy is very common. The ligaments in your body naturally soften and stretch during pregnancy to get you ready for labour. Your pelvic and lower back joints may be strained, potentially leading to back pain. Taking care of your stress, drinking enough water, and getting enough rest can help ease back pain in early pregnancy symptoms.

Back pain during early pregnancy

15. Vaginal Discharge

An increase in vaginal discharge during early pregnancy is common. Medically known as Leukorrhea the vaginal discharge is usually thin, milky white, and mild-smelling. It may resemble discharge between periods but is heavier, typically starts in the first trimester and becomes more noticeable as pregnancy progresses, peaking in the last weeks.

Vaginal discharge during early pregnancy

16. Shortness of Breath

As pregnancy advances, many women may note an increase in the struggle of breath because of the increased demand for oxygen for the body. While breathlessness in pregnant women is common in later stages, some women notice it early as their body begins adjusting to the needs of the growing embryo.

Breathlessness in a pregnant woman

17. Heartburn

Heartburn in pregnancy is commonly caused by hormonal changes and the growing uterus pressing on the stomach, leading to acid reflux. Pregnant women can manage by eating small meals, avoiding spicy and acidic foods, staying upright after eating, and drinking water between meals. If heartburn pregnancy symptoms persist, consult a doctor for safe treatment options.

Heartburn in pregnancy

How to Confirm Pregnancy at Home?

Doing a home pregnancy test can help you figure out if you are pregnant if you have any of the above signs. You should take a pregnancy test after missing a period for the most exact results. Book a doctor consultation to confirm that you are pregnant and start prenatal care if the test comes back positive.

Pregnancy Test

When to See a Doctor?

While most early pregnancy symptoms are normal, you should consult a healthcare professional if you experience:

  • Severe abdominal pain
  • Heavy bleeding or passing large clots
  • Persistent vomiting leading to dehydration
  • High fever or chills
  • Severe dizziness or fainting

FAQ’s:

  1. What are the physiological changes during pregnancy?

Physiological changes during pregnancy are the normal changes in the body that occur to support the growing fetus. These changes affect many organ systems, including the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and endocrine systems. They are caused by hormonal and metabolic changes that support the development of a fetus. A pregnant woman experiences these changes due to the production of hormones by the placenta and the body. 

  1. How to confirm pregnancy at home?

Use a pregnancy test kit with first-morning urine for best results. Common early signs of pregnancy include missed periods, nausea, and fatigue. If positive or symptoms persist despite a negative test, consult a doctor for confirmation.

3. How can you tell if you’re pregnant without taking a test?

Signs of pregnancy without a test include a missed period, nausea, breast tenderness, fatigue, frequent urination, food cravings, or mood swings. To confirm, take a home pregnancy test or consult a doctor.

4. What is a Pregnancy Week Calculator?

A Pregnancy Week Calculator estimates how far along you are and predicts your due date based on the first day of your last period (LMP). It helps track fetal development and key pregnancy milestones, but a doctor’s consultation ensures accuracy.

5. How to avoid pregnancy?

Use birth control pills, condoms, IUDs, hormonal injections, or patches for effective prevention. Emergency contraception helps after unprotected sex. Natural methods like tracking ovulation can also help. For permanent options, consider sterilization. Consult a doctor for the best choice.

6. When Do Pregnancy Symptoms Start?

Pregnancy symptoms usually begin 1-2 weeks after conception or around weeks 4-6. 

Omega Hospitals Team

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